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BioShock (series)
''BioShock'' is a first-person shooter video game series developed by Irrational Games—the first under the name 2K Boston/2K Australia—and designed by Ken Levine. The first game in the series was released for the Windows operating system and Xbox 360 video game console on August 21, 2007 in North America, and three days later (August 24) in Europe and Australia. A PlayStation 3 version of the game, which was developed by 2K Marin, was released internationally on October 17, 2008 and in North America on October 21, 2008 with some additional features. The game was also released for the Mac OS X operating system on October 7, 2009. A version of the game for mobile platforms has also been developed by IG Fun. A sequel, ''BioShock 2'', was released on February 9, 2010. On August 12, 2010, Irrational Games unveiled a trailer for a new game titled ''BioShock Infinite'', released on March 26, 2013. With the release of ''BioShock Infinite'' selling over 11 million copies as of May 2015, the three games combined have more than 25 million copies sold.
==Concept and development==
In response to a question from the gaming website IGN about what influenced the game's story and setting, Levine said, "I have my useless liberal arts degree, so I've read stuff from Ayn Rand, George Orwell and all the sort of utopian and dystopian writings of the 20th century, and having developed the ''System Shock ''franchise, some of my first games, I felt that the atmosphere was a good one to set for a dystopian environment, one we borrowed heavily from ''System Shock''." Levine has also mentioned an interest in "stem cell research and the moral issues that go around ()."〔 In regard to artistic influences, Levine cited the books ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'' and ''Logan's Run'', representing societies that have "really interesting ideas screwed up by the fact that we're people."
According to the developers, ''BioShock'' is a spiritual successor to the ''System Shock'' games, and was produced by former developers of that series. Levine claims his team had been thinking about making another game in the same vein since they produced ''System Shock 2''. In his narration of a video initially screened for the press at E3 2006, Levine pointed out many similarities between the games. There are several comparable gameplay elements: plasmids in ''BioShock'' supplied by "EVE hypos" serve the same function as "Psionic Abilities" supplied by "PSI hypos" in ''System Shock 2''; the player needs to deal with security cameras, machine gun turrets, and hostile robotic drones, and has the ability to hack them in both games; ammunition conservation is stressed as "a key gameplay feature"; and audio tape recordings fulfil the same storytelling role that e-mail logs did in the ''System Shock'' games.〔 The "ghosts" (phantom images that replay tragic incidents in the places they occurred) from ''System Shock 2'' also exist in ''BioShock'', as do modifiable weapons with multiple ammunition types and researching enemies for increased damage. Additionally, Atlas guides the player along by radio, in much the same way Janice Polito does in ''System Shock 2'', with each having a similar twist mid-game. Both games also give the player more than one method of completing tasks, allowing for emergent gameplay.
In the reveal of the third game of the series, ''BioShock Infinite'', Ken Levine stated that the name "BioShock" is not in reference to any specific setting or location, but instead a means of encapsulating common gameplay elements that reflects on their earlier games such as ''System Shock 2'', and the ''BioShock'' series.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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